Meet Dr. Manju Tanwar, Chief Scientist and Head of R&D at Organic Recycling Systems Limited, whose career has been defined by a steadfast commitment to tackling some of the world’s most urgent environmental challenges. With her extensive chemistry and environmental science background, Dr. Tanwar is at the forefront of innovation in recycling technologies. In this exclusive interview, Science and I bring her perspectives on the evolving landscape of scientific research in India, her passion for creating impactful, sustainable solutions, and her valuable advice for women scientists and STEM professionals looking to return to the workforce after a career break. Dr. Tanwar’s journey is both inspiring and insightful, offering a glimpse into the future of green technology and environmental stewardship.
Tell us about your educational background and your career journey
I completed my Ph.D. in Materials Chemistry from Nagpur University, India, focusing on catalytic materials and their applications in emission control for diesel engines. My academic journey provided a strong foundation in applied chemistry and materials science, which I further built upon with hands-on experience in advanced environmental technologies and sustainable energy solutions.
My career spans over 20 years across various roles in academia, research institutions, and industry. I began my professional journey as a Lecturer, then progressed through multiple research-intensive roles at esteemed institutions like the CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Polytecnico Di Torino in Italy, and the University of Birmingham in the UK. These roles allowed me to develop expertise in areas such as emission control, biofuel production, and advanced propulsion systems.
Currently, I serve as the Chief Scientist and Head of R&D at Organic Recycling Systems Limited (ORSL) in Navi Mumbai. In this role, I lead cross-functional projects, overseeing R&D initiatives focused on sustainable technologies, waste-to-energy solutions, and emission control. I also work closely with analytical teams to develop innovative methods to tackle complex environmental and energy-related challenges. My career has been driven by a commitment to advancing sustainable technologies that address urgent global environmental issues.
What inspired you for a career in research and development?
My inspiration for a career in research and development stems from a deep-rooted curiosity about the natural world and a desire to create solutions that address pressing environmental challenges. Early in my research journey, I was captivated by the potential of science to solve real-world problems, particularly in areas like clean energy, pollution control, and sustainable materials. The idea of transforming complex scientific theories into practical applications that benefit society was incredibly motivating. Throughout my career, each role has fuelled this passion, allowing me to work on groundbreaking projects, from biofuel production and advanced propulsion systems to emission control technologies. Witnessing how innovative R&D can make a tangible difference—improving air quality, reducing waste, and creating cleaner energy sources—has been a constant source of motivation. For me, R&D is more than a profession; it’s a way to make a lasting impact and contribute to a more sustainable future.
What was your motivation of leaving academia and joining industry?
My decision to transition from academia to industry was motivated by the desire to see tangible, large-scale impact from research and innovations. In academia, while I enjoyed the depth of exploration and theoretical advancements, I found that many groundbreaking ideas struggled to reach application stages due to limited funding and often fragmented pathways to commercialization.
In contrast, the industrial sector provides an environment where scientific research can be rigorously tested, scaled, and implemented in real-world settings. Moving to industry allowed me to apply my expertise in bioresource engineering, waste-to-energy technologies, and advanced material synthesis in a hands-on way that directly addresses environmental and industrial needs. For example, developing pilot plants for biomethanation and biochar production presented challenges in scaling, operational efficiency, and compliance with regulatory standards—challenges that don’t always arise in academia but are crucial to making an idea viable in the real world.
Furthermore, industry allows for interdisciplinary collaboration which is essential for high-impact projects. Working with engineers, chemists, and industrial designers gives me a 360-degree view of the process, from innovation to implementation, allowing for improvements in efficiency, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness that have far-reaching implications beyond laboratory settings. This pragmatic, impact-driven environment continues to align well with my scientific aspirations and the broader goal of translating sustainable technologies into practical, scalable solutions.
Can you give us a glimpse of one day in your job?
A typical day in my role involves a blend of scientific analysis, technical oversight, and strategic planning. My mornings usually start with a review of ongoing experiments, particularly those related to biomethanation digester performance or biochar production processes, where we analyze data from the previous day’s batch runs. This often includes checking parameters like gas composition, temperature profiles, and substrate conversion efficiency, ensuring our process conditions are optimized to maximize yields and meet sustainability goals.
Following this, I meet with cross-functional teams, including chemical engineers, microbiologists, and plant operators, to address technical issues or discuss modifications to pilot plant setups. For example, we might assess data from high-gravity fermentation (HGF) systems to optimize flow rates and nutrient dosing or conduct leak tests and pressure analyses on digesters for performance and safety. I also spend time coordinating with site managers, and receiving updates on infrastructure modifications, such as furnace installations or ductwork repairs, that could impact our operational timelines.
Afternoons are often dedicated to R&D projects and technical documentation. This includes designing experimental protocols for pilot tests, such as integrating biochar enhanced with magnesium nitrate into anaerobic digesters to improve methane production rates. I frequently consult with R&D institutions to assess collaboration opportunities, although many consider these as consultancy projects, which adds an element of negotiation.
The day typically concludes with strategic discussions focused on scaling our technologies. For example, I evaluate the feasibility of translating our lab-scale processes into industrial-scale operations, balancing scientific rigor with economic and regulatory constraints. By the end of the day, I analyze new data from ongoing trials, assess progress, and align resources to ensure our projects maintain their momentum and stay on track for real-life application.
Your insights on a career in academia versus industry
Building a career in academia versus industry presents unique opportunities and challenges, each with distinct advantages and required skill sets.
In academia, the primary focus is on advancing knowledge through research and publishing findings. The environment encourages deep dives into specialized areas, with the freedom to explore theoretical and long-term projects without immediate commercial pressures. However, the challenges lie in securing research funding, publishing high-impact papers, and meeting the rigorous demands of teaching and administration. The pace in academia can be slower, as it often prioritizes discovery and theory over application. Key skills for success in academia include grant-writing, scientific communication, critical thinking, and, increasingly, interdisciplinary collaboration to tackle complex scientific questions.
On the other hand, industry emphasizes practical solutions, scalability, and return on investment. Here, research is driven by real-world applications and timelines, which necessitate rapid development, experimentation, and refinement of ideas. Industry demands a blend of technical expertise with project management, problem-solving under resource constraints, and teamwork across various departments. The challenges involve navigating regulatory requirements, managing budgets, and working within deadlines. Yet, industry careers can provide more immediate and tangible impacts, with innovations being implemented at scale. Critical skills for industry include adaptability, project management, technical writing for practical applications, and a results-oriented mindset.
In both paths, having a strong foundation in data analysis, process optimization, and systems thinking is vital for addressing complex problems. Additionally, cross-disciplinary collaboration has become indispensable, as challenges like sustainability and resource management require multifaceted approaches that draw from chemistry, engineering, biology, and data science.
Currently, some of the fastest-growing areas in science are renewable energy, environmental biotechnology, materials science (e.g., nanotechnology and sustainable materials), and computational science (AI and machine learning applications in science). Careers at the intersection of these fields, particularly in bioengineering, waste-to-energy technologies, and carbon capture, are poised for expansion, as they address critical global challenges and align with increasing demand for green technology and sustainable solutions.
Your insights on changing scenario of scientific field in India.
The scientific field in India has seen substantial changes, particularly in areas like clean energy, environmental engineering, and waste-to-energy technologies, fields where I have concentrated much of my work. India’s approach has shifted from purely theoretical research in government labs to a more application-driven model, engaging private sector partners and focusing on scalable solutions for critical issues such as waste management, pollution control, and low-carbon fuels.
In the West, scientific careers often benefit from more advanced infrastructure, established funding mechanisms, and seamless academia-industry collaboration. In contrast, Indian researchers may face challenges like limited funding and bureaucratic constraints. However, this has led to a culture of adaptability and innovation in India, where scientists frequently work with resource-constrained setups to achieve high-impact results, especially in applied sectors like renewable energy and bioproduct development.
While the field remains challenging, there are significant advancements for women in science in India. Initiatives such as the Women Scientist Scheme and return-to-work programs for women scientists have helped improve retention and progression. However, challenges remain in terms of balancing career and family responsibilities, as well as gaining access to senior leadership roles. Growth in these areas could be supported by policies that ensure equal opportunity in funding, flexibility in work environments, and strong mentorship networks. Automation and Generative AI are becoming indispensable in fields like mine, which encompass environmental monitoring, waste-to-energy, and emissions control. These technologies are enhancing experimental accuracy, process optimization, and data interpretation. For example, AI can now model complex chemical interactions and automate high-precision tasks like spectrometric analysis, which I routinely conduct in my projects. However, the rapid advancement of AI also requires scientists to be skilled in data science and computational methods, shifting the focus of scientific roles toward integrated, data-driven decision-making.
What is the best tip you would want to give to the post-doctoral researchers of today who are looking for various career opportunities for their growth?
For post-doctoral researchers aspiring to grow in diverse career paths, my top advice would be to embrace cross-functional skills and cultivate a strong foundation in project management, alongside your technical expertise. Today’s R&D landscape, especially in fields like energy, environmental technology, and materials science, demands interdisciplinary approaches. By gaining proficiency in project management, data analysis, and technical communication, you will be better equipped to tackle complex, real-world problems that span multiple scientific domains.
Focus on building robust networks across academia, industry, and government bodies, which can open doors to collaborative research opportunities and new perspectives. Additionally, continuously upgrading your skills in advanced analytical instrumentation and software tools is invaluable, as technology evolves rapidly. Adaptability and a proactive approach to both learning and collaboration will serve you well as you explore various career trajectories beyond traditional research roles.
Lastly, consider the environmental and societal impact of your work. As researchers, we have a unique responsibility to develop solutions that are not only innovative but also sustainable and impactful on a larger scale.
What advice would you give to our readers who might be taking a career break currently and would like to return to work?
For professionals returning to the workforce after a career break, the key is to re-enter with confidence and an openness to both refresh and build upon your skills. Here are some strategies to ease the transition:
Update and Enhance Skills: Technology and methodologies evolve quickly, especially in fields like R&D. Engaging in online courses, certifications, or workshops relevant to your area of expertise will help bridge any knowledge gaps and boost your confidence. Staying current with advancements in your field will also make you feel more prepared to contribute from day one.
Highlight Transferable Skills: Focus on the skills and experiences gained during your break, such as project management, multitasking, or problem-solving, which are highly valued in any role. Even if your break was unrelated to your profession, you likely developed strengths that can apply to a wide range of responsibilities.
Reconnect with Your Network: Reach out to former colleagues, mentors, and industry contacts. Let them know you’re ready to re-enter the workforce and are open to opportunities. Networking can lead to valuable advice, potential job leads, and insights into what’s changed in your field.
Consider a Phased Return: If possible, explore options like part-time or freelance work as you reintegrate. This allows you to ease back into a professional routine, refresh your skills on the job, and rebuild your professional presence without the immediate pressure of a full-time role.
Be Open to New Opportunities: The career break might have altered your interests or goals. Stay open to roles or industries that may not have been on your original path. A flexible approach can often lead to fulfilling positions that leverage your unique experiences and skills.
Highlight Resilience and Adaptability: Employers appreciate candidates who can adapt to change—whether that’s new roles, responsibilities, or work environments. Demonstrate how you stayed engaged or grew during your break, whether through personal projects, volunteer work, or self-study.
Re-entering the workforce after a break may feel challenging, but with the right mindset and proactive approach, it can be a rewarding transition that leads to fresh opportunities and renewed professional growth.
What is your professional dream and your motto in life?
My professional dream is to drive impactful research and innovation in sustainable technologies that address critical environmental challenges, such as renewable energy, waste-to-energy solutions, and pollution control. I envision leading initiatives that not only push the boundaries of scientific knowledge but also have tangible benefits for society and the environment. My goal is to create practical, scalable technologies that contribute to a cleaner, more sustainable future.
My motto in life is simple yet powerful: “Innovation with Purpose.” This principle guides me to focus on research that matters—innovations that solve real-world problems, foster sustainability, and improve quality of life for future generations.